| Charles Taze Russell |
The Winged Sun DiskThe Winged Sun Disk Symbol
Fritz Springmeier (FS) makes quite a few assertions concerning Russell and sun worship. His statements appear not to be based on anything Russell said, but rather in the usage of the winged-sun-disk symbol that appeared on the cover of the Studies in the Scriptures, and the usage of the rising sun in a picture in earlier issues of the Watch Tower. It is further claimed that these symbols are a Masonic symbols, and are offered as proof that Russell was a member of the Mason's Society. Of course, the Winged-Sun-Disk symbol itself was around for a long before there was a Free Masons Society, so the symbol itself is not of Masonic origin. According to FS:
Yes, Russell did use this symbol on the cover of the Studies in the Scriptures, but I am sure that he saw nothing in the usage of the symbol involving of sun worship, or the Masons. Variations of the symbol were historically connected with the worship of sun-gods (under various names), but it is possible that the symbol was originally used by the ancestors of the Hebrews as depicting the coming messiah of hope long before the heathens used it to worship the sun-gods. -- Genesis 3:15; 22:18; Psalm 89:36. The only "secrecy" that would be connected to the usage of the winged disk symbol would be in that one would be ignorant of the scriptures, and thus, by not knowing what the scriptures say, the meaning of the symbol would be a mystery, a secret.* An allusion to this symbol is in Malachi 4:2, where Yahweh says: "But to you who fear my name shall the sun of righteousness arise with healing in its wings. You will go out, and leap like calves of the stall." ========== *See the study: Understanding Kingdom Mysteries http://studies.reslight.net/mysteries.html Nevertheless, if Russell was guilty of sun worship, then was the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, guilty of the promoting the same sun worship? Indeed, FS seems to believe that Yahweh was indeed guilty of sun worship, although he does not come right out and designate Yahweh a "sun worshiper" as he does with Russell. FS states concerning this: Springmeier, Masons, pages 125, 126: There seems to be a fairly wide concensus of commentators that this refers to the Winged-sun-disk of Egypt, Babylon, Assyria, and Persia. That Jewish scripture would allude to a pagan religious symbol might give us pause to think about how thoroughly they were surrounded by and mixed in with the pagan world at this time. A comparison might be for a Christian to say, "Christ is a superman." Or for another to say, "God is an awesome God." Prof. John P. Smith (& Mitchell and Brewer) in the International Critical Commentary explain Mal. 4:2- "--2. But, for you who fear my name, the sun of righteousness will arise with healing in his wings] This exact figure is nowhere else employed in the Old Testament; but cf. Ps. 8411 1399 It means apparently that the era of prosperity and peace that is due the righteous will be inaugurated on Yahweh's day, and that all the wrongs of the past will be made right for Israel. Like the morning sun dispelling the darkness of night, so will a sudden manifestation of Yahweh's righteousness illumine the gloom of Israel's afflictions. Righteousness is here practically equivalent to vindication and victory, as is so often the case in Is., chs. 40-66; e.g. 412 458 4613 5l5.6.8 561 621. Cf. Je 236 3316. In connection with 'sun of righteousness," it is of interest to note that the Babylonish Shamash, the sun-god, was conceived of as the god of justice. The absolute impartiality of the sun's rays may easily have given rise to the association of justice with the sun. The phrase "sun of righteousness" does not indicate any personal agent, but is rather a figurative representation of righteousness itself (v.i.). The phrase "in its wings" at once suggests the winged solar disk of Egypt, Babylonia, Assyria, and Persia. This representation was doubtless known in Judah at this time, either through borrowing from without or as having been inherited from a remote antiquity in Israel itself as in the rest of the oriental world. Isolated allusions like this suggest how little we really know of the social and aesthetic background of Hebrew literature." I am not sure why FS quotes Mr. Smith above, but it appears to be to establish that the phraseology in Malachi 4:2 is being borrowed from heathen idolatry. If this is so, then, we have to ask: "Was Yahweh, the God of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Jesus, guilty of sun worship in doing this?" And if this symbol is a Masonic symbol, would this not also mean that the God of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob and Jesus, was a member of the Mason's Society, as being claimed of Russell? No recognition is given to the possibility that heathen religions may have adopted the idea of the winged-sun from earlier Hebraic origins. According to the above quote of John P. Smith above, the "Sun of Righteousness" in Malachi 2 means "righteousness" itself. "Righteousness" is equated with Jewish "victory" and vindication. The idea appears to be to deny that Messiah is being spoken of in Malachi 4:2 (not unless one takes the view that this Jewish victory and vindication itself is the Messiah, thus discrediting a personal Messiah. Of course, in reality, there is no Jewish victory, nor is there any Jewish vindication, outside of Jesus, the Messiah promised by Yahweh. Most Christian commentators do identify the "Sun" spoken of in Malach 4:2 with the Messiah -- Jesus, although most Christian commentators, believing that those blessed by this "Sun" to be only the church, fail to recognize that the saints, as participants with Jesus as the seed of Abraham (Galatians 3:28), will also particpate with Jesus in bringing the blessings and healing to the world (including Israel), the event which all human creation has been (ignorantly) waiting and longing for. -- Genesis 12:3; 18:18; 22:18; 26:4; 28:14; Psalms 72:7; Isaiah 2:2-4; Daniel 7:22;27; Matthew 19:28; Luke 22:30; Romans 8:17,19; 1 Corinthians 6:2; 2 Timothy 2:12; Revelation 5:10; 20:4,6. Getting back to FS's desription of what he saw on Russell's books (the winged sun disk symbol), he evidently sees the two arrows pointing to the sun as snakes protruding with "gold tongues." (In reality, the whole symbol, as well as lettering, was embossed on the cover in gold, not just those arrows.) Below is a reproduction of cover of the book, *The Time is At Hand*, so that one may see what actually appeared on the books.   Nevertheless, if Russell was guilty of anything in using the winged sun symbol on his books, it was just that -- in view of the historical usage of this kind of symbol in idolatry -- it may have been in poor judgment to have used the symbol. On the other hand, should we refuse any benefits from the literal "sun" because the sun is worshiped in idol worship? Should we seek to take the sun out of the sky because it used in idol worship? Does the fact that heathen worshiped the sun make the sun any less a creation of God, or any less a fitting symbol of the Messiah? Regardless, almost all publishers of Russell's works today do not include the winged sun symbol on the cover. In his book, The Watchtower and the Masons, FS states: Russell at various times gave various interpretations to Malachi 4:2. A comprehensive examination shows he said the Sun of Righteousness is 1) Jesus and his church (Pastor Russell's Sermons, p.790,244) WT Reprints pp.4557,5097,5339,5420.) 2) The spiritual seed of Abraham (Overland Monthly, p.205) 3) Righteousness (Harvest Gleanings, Vol l,p.417) 4) Truth (Harvest Gleanings, Vol. 1,p.421) 5) Cyrus the Great (Harvest Gleanings, Vol l,p.521) 6) Jesus as the center part of the Sun (WT Rp. 5135) Evidently, the above is meant to leave the impression that Russell was not always consistent in his application of "the Sun of Righteousness" in Malachi 4:2. The sun itself does indeed represent the rising sun, the Messiah, which, does include all the seed of Abraham by faith, both Jesus and those who come into the covenant with God as the seed through Jesus. Thus 1) and 2) above are actually saying the same thing. The statements presented above regarding the other references, however, are misleading, to say the least. The reference to Harvest Gleanings, Vol. 1, page 417 is *not* to "righteousness" itself, but rather to "the righteous" (the justified) as spoken of Matthew 13:43. It is "the righteous" -- not righteousness -- that Jesus spoke of and that Russell identified as "Christ and his glorified church". What Russell actually stated: "The knowledge of the glory of God shall fill the whole earth," declares the Prophet. (Hab. 2:14) And again, "The Sun of Righteousness shall arise with healing in its beams," and again, "Then shall the righteous [Christ and his glorified Church] shine forth as the sun in the Kingdom of their Father." (Mal.4:2; Matt. 13:43) Then FS asserts that Russell says the "sun" represents "truth", and Harvest Gleanings, Vol. 1, page 421 is given as a reference. I am presenting what Russell actually said below: The promise to which Christ and the Church are heirs is that they shall be God's instrumentality for the blessing, instruction and uplifting of all the willing of the world of mankind. To be heirs of this promise made to Abraham, that in his Seed all the families of the earth should be blessed, would be a meaningless farce and jest on the Almighty's part had he not purchased or ransomed all men and provided a time and means by which his blessing should accrue to the world. Thus we preceive that he has arranged a time for granting the world a trial for life a trial respecting their willingness to abandon the ways of sin and death and to walk in the ways of righteousness under the enlightenment of the Truth, which, we are assured, shall shine forth as the sun, and whose beams shall heal humanity. (Mal. 4:2) The means for the blessing we see provided in Christ, and his Bride, the "Elect" Church of this Gospel Age; but the guarantee of the whole is fixed beyond peradventure in the fact that "Jesus Christ, by the grace of God, tasted death for every man," or, as our text declares, became the Mediator between God and man by giving himself a ransom for all. It should be obvious that Russell is still showing the "sun" itself to be Jesus and the church, not "truth" in general. However, as Jesus and the church begin to rule as the sun of righteousness, the truth will begin to figuratively shine from them as the sun of righteousness, just as the physical sun shines forth with rays of light upon the earth. Next we are told that Russell identifies the "sun of righteousness" as Cyrus the Great, and Harvest Gleanings, Vol. l, page 521, is given as a reference. Did Russell identify Cyrus the Great as the "sun of righteousness" as stated? Look as we may on the page given, we will not find any place that Russell identifies Cyrus as the "sun of righteousness". Let us read what Russell actually said: CYRUS A TYPE OF THE CONQUERING CHRIST AND HIS MESSAGE. This likeness of Cyrus to Messiah is not merely in the particulars noted. It should be remembered that the name Cyrus signifies "the sun," and that thus in his name he reminds us of the prophecy of Christ-"The Sun of Righteousness shall arise with healing in His beams. " Moreover, there were sundry very remarkable prophecies respecting Cyrus, made long before he had come into prominence. Through the Prophet Isaiah (Isa. 44:28) the Lord speaks of Cyrus as His shepherd, who would lead back Israel; and again (Isaiah 45:1-4), He calls him His Anointed, saying, "Thus saith the Lord to His Anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I have holden to subdue nations before him; and I will loose the loins of kings, to open before him the two-leaved gates, and the gates shall not be shut; I will go before thee, and make the crooked places straight; I will break in pieces the gates of brass and cut in sunder the bars of iron; and I will give thee the treasures of darkness and hidden riches of secret places, that thou mayest know that I, Jehovah, which call thee by thy name, am the God of Israel. For Jacob My servant's sake, and Israel Mine elect, I have even called thee by name; I have surnamed thee, though thou hast not known Me." All Brother Russell is saying is that Cyrus is a "type" of Christ, and he identifies Christ, not Cyrus, as the "Sun of Righteousness." The final assertion is that Russell taught "Jesus as the center part of the Sun" (Watch Tower Reprints 5135). On page of The Watchtower and the Masons, FS informs us that Russell "stated that the resurrected Christ was at the center of the sun." Read what Russell actually stated: Today's study points out that the ministry of Jesus would be in Galilee; that those people of the Jews who at the time were supposed to be in greatest darkness would see the great Light of Divine Truth, as represented in Jesus and His ministry. This had a primary fulfilment in Galilee, where the major portion of the mighty works of Jesus were performed. But its real fulfilment lies in the future, when the great light of the Millennial Kingdom, "the Sun of Righteousness, shall arise with healing in its beams." Before that glorious Sun, sorrow and sighing will flee away; ignorance and superstition will vanish; sin and darkness will be no more; every knee will bow and every tongue will confess. Jesus is the great Center of that Sun of Righteousness, but, as He points out, the Bride class, in process of selection during this Age, is to be with Him in the Morning, shining forth His glory. They shall sit with Him in His Throne. I do not think that Russell would have thought that he was saying that Jesus was the center "part" of the Sun of Righteousness, or that he was located "at the center" of the Sun of Righteousness. Russell did not use that terminology at all, but rather he seemed to be using the term "center" as meaning the central head of all members of the "Sun of Righteousness". At any rate, the context shows that "sun of righteousness" includes Jesus and the church. The expression "Sun of Righteousness", of course, is figurative in the usage of the word "Sun". As such, Jesus would only be "figuratively" located in the center of this figurative Sun. Then FS states concerning Russell: And he interpreted the wings as a) A great light (WT Rp.3686) b) Beams of Christ (WT R p.4557, Pastor Russell's Sermons, p.55) c) Beams of grace and truth (Overland Monthly, p.205) This in furtherance of the assertion that "Russell at various times gave various interpretations to Malachi 4:2." Point a) The wings as "a great light". What Russell actually said as found in Reprints 3686: "The people that walked in darkness have seen a great light: they that dwell in the land of the shadow of death, upon them hath the light shined." After the Hebrew idiom this statement pertaining to the future reads as though it related to something only in the past, just as in verse 6 we read, "Unto us a child is born," whereas Jesus was not born at that time nor until several centuries later. The standpoint of the shining light is still future, the great light is not yet shining upon the people, they still dwell in the land of the shadow of death. The shadows of our demoralized, sinful, dying condition affect all of life's interests for R3686 : page 381 the world of mankind. As the Apostle explains subsequently, "The whole creation groaneth and travaileth in pain together, waiting." (Rom. 8:22.) The world is still waiting for this great Light, which the Scriptures promise shall in due time shine forth, "The Sun of righteousness with healing in its beams." (Mal. 4:2.) Our Lord refers to the same great event, still future, and assures us that when that Sun of righteousness shall shine forth it shall include not only himself but all of his faithful disciples, the ripened wheat of this Gospel age. He distinctly portrays this in the parable of the wheat and the tares, telling us that at the close of the age he would gather the wheat crop of this age into the garner--the heavenly state--and he adds, "Then shall the righteous shine forth as the Sun in the Kingdom of their Father. Who hath ears to hear let him hear."--Matt. 13:43. There is nothing in Russell's statements that would lead us to think that the "wings" of the "Sun of Righteousness" is being defined as the "the great light", as being distinct from the "Sun of Righteousness". Russell interpreted the "wings" of the "Sun of Righteousness" as being "beams", and thus refers to the "beams" of the Sun of righteousness as bringing healing to the peoples. It appears that he is referring to the figurative beams of sunlight that would figuratively radiate from the figurative sun, as that being symbolized as figurative "wings". However, he is still associating the "Sun of Righteousness" with the promised seed (including Jesus and his church) as fulfilling the "great light" prophecy, not just the "wings". The next assertion concerning Russell's alleged "various interpretations" concerning the "wings", is that Russell interpreted the "wings" as being "beams of Christ" as found in Pastor Russell's Sermons, page 55, and the Watch Tower Reprints page 4557. The sermon referred to is "Messiah's Sharp Arrows", based on Psalm 45:5. Let us read the paragraph in question, from pages 54 and 55: It will be during that Millennial period of Messiah's Reign that force will be used instead of preaching; that His rebuke will smite into the hearts of His enemies, and that all shall fall under Him. Every knee must bow, every tongue must confess. Happy will it be for the world when Messiah shall take unto Himself His great power and reigns. Blessed will it be for the people when His sharp arrows shall smite them and when His judgment as a hammer shall break the hard, stony hearts; for, as the Scriptures declare, He wounds to heal. (Hos. 6:1.) The healing process will be coincidental to the wounding and breaking; for the great Messiah, Christ and the Church, will be not only the King, the Ruler, but also the Priest of that Millennial time to heal, to console, to forgive, and the great Prophet to instruct the thousands of millions of Adam's race who have gone into death during the reign of Sin and Death and under the blinding influences of the Adversary. No wonder the Scriptures speak in glowing terms of that glorious Millennial Day, when the knowledge of the Lord shall fill the whole earth! No wonder they picture this symbolically as the rising of the Sun of Righteousness with healing in its beams. -- Mal. 4:2. It should be obvious that this quote is not saying anything different about the wings than the earlier quote from Reprints 3686, for the earlier quote reveals that Russell was expressing "wings" as meaning "beams". From Reprints 4557, the paragraph under discussion is: The great light which flared forth in Capernaum, Bethsaida, Chorazin and Nazareth, the chief cities of Galilee, exalted these places to heaven figuratively, in the sense of bestowing so great honor and privilege upon them. But they were in turn cast down to hades, the grave, because they received not the message. (Matt. 11:20-24.) The light shined in darkness and blessed and gathered some, "the elect," and passed onward to bless and gather others, as it has continued to do throughout this Gospel Age. The time for the still greater enlightenment of the whole world is yet future. In the Millennial morning the Redeemer and his elect Church (Malachi 4:2) will shine forth as the Sun of Righteousness with healing in its beams for the enlightenment and blessing of Israel and the whole world of mankind--including the millions who have gone down to the darkness of hades, the grave. We still find nothing different concerning the "wings" from what is stated in Reprints 3686. In all three references, Russell is identifying the "wings" as "beams", and he presents the figurative "Sun" as representing the Messiah, and thus these beams, of course, would be beams of Messiah. We are next given a reference to the Overland Monthly articles, and the claim is that Russell designates the "wings" as "beams of grace and truth." -- Overland Monthly, p.205. The paragraph being referred to is below: The morning of joy, the Millennial Morning, of course, cannot be ushered in until the rising of the Sun of Righteousness. Its beams of Grace and Truth will flood the earth with the light of the knowledge of the glory of God to such a degree that it will drive out, expel, all ignorance, superstition and sin, which have worked such havoc in our race. What is Russell saying here? Is he saying anything that conflicts with the earlier quotes? No, rather he is identifying the figurative beams of light as representing the light of grace and truth that will flood the earth in the age to come. This all harmonizes with Russell's other thoughts. FS states further in his book on the Masons: Russell told his followers they would not be around to see the sun of Mal. 4:2 rise. (WT_Rp.l24)[/quote] What does Reprints, page 124, actually say? (Please note that by saying "we" the author, presumed to be Russell, is referring the joint-heirs with Christ, the 144,000.) Q.--It speaks elsewhere of the "Sun of Righteousness arising with healing in his wings." When sunrise has come we do not need lamps. Does not this seem to indicate that we shall reach a condition whether by sight or not, where there will be no need of the light of "the lamp?" Does not this involve the thought of faith giving place to sight? W.--I think not. It is not we but the Jews who see the "Sun of Righteousness arise with healing in his wings;" and they are told in connection with it to "remember the Law of Moses." (Malachi 4.) On the contrary, we, with Jesus our head will constitute that "Sun of Righteousness," as Jesus said (Matt. 13:43) speaking of the "harvest" or end of this age, when the wheat of the church should be completely separated from the tares of the same: "Then shall the righteous shine forth as the Sun in the kingdom of their Father." It is the same thought that is expressed in Rev. 21:24 of the New Jerusalem shining and the Nations walking in the light of it. Yes it is a grand thought, that the day so long expected is near at hand. Not only natural Israel but as Paul says: "The whole creation groaneth and travaileth together in pain until now," and "waiteth for the manifestation of the Sons of God." (Rom. 8:19 and 22.) All are now passing through a dark night of experience with sin, woe and death; all creation is sick; they groan in pain and soon they shall be delivered. Soon the "Great Physician" -- "the Elijah"--"The Sun of righteousness (the Christ, head and body) shall arise with healing in his wings." Now the world is full of suffering, Sounds of woe fall on my ears, Sights of wretchedness and sorrow Fill my eyes with pitying tears. 'Tis the earth's dark night of weeping, Wrong and evil triumph now, I can wait, for just before me Beams the morning's roseate glow. Yes, Bro. Q., "when He shall appear we shall appear with Him in glory." We will not be here when the "Sun" rises. True we are now in the dawn, but there is quite a while between first dawn of day and the Sun rise, and that is what Peter means. "We have a more sure word of prophecy--as a light in a dark place until the day dawn and the day star arise in your hearts." Jesus is the day star--"The bright and morning star." He must come first to us before we shine with Him as "the sun." And, dear Bro. Q., do you not see that this very thing is now being fulfilled? To all who recognize Jesus as present it is a fountain of joy to realize in Him the sure forerunner of our own glory with Him, and the great millennial day of restitution for the world. It should be apparent that when Russell said "We will not be here when the 'Sun' rises", that he is not saying that the joint-heirs will not be present at all, but that they will not be here on the earth, since they are joint-heirs with Christ, and thus become part of that Sun of Righteousness. In other words, the joint-heirs with Christ are included in the rising of this figurative sun, and thus will not be present here on the earth when they rise as that figurative sun. This is scriptural. Praise Yah! For more information on Charles Taze Russell, see: http://ctr.reslight.net Some earlier statements I have made concerning the winged sun disk: 1998: http://groups.google.com/group/alt.bible/msg/7623ba8cecd8edd5 1999: http://groups.google.com/group/nl.religie/msg/a1dc330c5a81715f http://groups.google.com/group/alt.freemasonry/msg/d42bd136663ee06e http://groups.google.com/group/alt.religion.jehovahs-witn/msg/ba280ef1702501e6 http://groups.google.com/group/nl.religie/msg/6842e551b76d189c http://groups.google.com/group/nl.religie/msg/65ba70fb5c5763ab http://groups.google.com/group/nl.religie/msg/95c83cc5a3cb3e23 http://groups.google.com/group/nl.religie/msg/f3f5b1211b47f011 http://groups.google.com/group/talk.religion.misc/msg/92d60c79b19917e9 2000: http://groups.google.com/group/alt.religion.jehovahs-witn/msg/37e418c49c6246d5 2005: http://groups.google.com/group/pl.soc.religia/msg/cb5b1c913077625e http://groups.yahoo.com/group/jehovahswitnessesgathering/message/49706 2006: http://groups.google.com/group/alt.religion.end-times.prophecies/msg/915d96364528a4dc 2007: http://groups.google.com/group/alt.religion.jehovahs-witn/msg/72d679a200bbdb4d Some comments from freemasons in response to my question regarding the winged sun disk (1999): http://groups.google.com/group/alt.freemasonry/msg/bb19a3add87ad038 http://groups.google.com/group/alt.freemasonry/msg/12a648e4dea514a4 http://groups.google.com/group/alt.freemasonry/msg/f651a2719d5932de http://groups.google.com/group/alt.freemasonry/msg/89ed727df5057bb7 http://groups.google.com/group/alt.freemasonry/msg/5e3ed8e5e0cbeb2c http://groups.google.com/group/alt.freemasonry/msg/7c319b1b230a372f Some comments by others: http://www.network54.com/Forum/89087/thread/1111404175/ 08:46 - Friday, February 29, 2008 - post comment
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